Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Zero Emission Vehicle shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Zero Emission Vehicle offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Zero Emission Vehicle at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Zero Emission Vehicle? Wrong! If the Zero Emission Vehicle is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Zero Emission Vehicle then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Zero Emission Vehicle? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Zero Emission Vehicle and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Zero Emission Vehicle wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Zero Emission Vehicle then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Zero Emission Vehicle site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Zero Emission Vehicle, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Zero Emission Vehicle, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
on display at The Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, MIA
zero-emissions vehicle, or
ZEV will produce no
emissions or pollution from the vehicle when stationary or operating. Emissions of concern include particulates (
soot),
hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and various NOx. Although not considered an emission by the CARB definition,
carbon dioxide is one of the most important greenhouse gas implicated in
global warming scenarios.
"Zero emissions" does not mean that the complete power cycle is non-polluting, except in special cases, since in most cases the energy is provided from
fossil fuel plants. This may still be an advantage for urban areas when compared to conventional vehicles. Special cases producing zero pollution in the
operating energy cycle would include
electric vehicles where an offsetting amount of zero emissions power is provided, especially solar electric or wind generated power.
Hydrogen powered vehicles as proposed by the automotive industry are especially questionable in their net pollution since current economic production of hydrogen is typically by the processing of
natural gas or coal using water in processes using high temperature and pressure. Unless special care is taken to
carbon sequestration and other more toxic waste from these processes, a future "
hydrogen economy" may produce even more greenhouse gases and toxic pollution than the current
fossil fuel usage. However, hydrogen may be produced from water using electricity, which may be derived from solar power or hydropower, but currently at greater expense than from fossil fuels. The expenses from using solar power appear greater than for fossil fuels largely because many of the costs of fossil fuels have been externalized with someone other than the producer and consumer of the product bearing the indirect costs of the cycle (though these may be the same population, bearing for example, increased health costs).
"Zero emissions" also does not include emissions associated with manufacturing such vehicles or components, nor outgassing from synthetic materials used in vehicle construction, nor soot-like dust from tire wear, nor potential pollution associated with end-of-life vehicle or vehicle component dismantling, recycling and reuse.
Types
Public transport
Electric locomotive,
Subway (rail), Trolleybus,
Electric tram, and cycle rickshaws.
Private transport
Bicycles are the most popular zero-emissions .
Battery electric vehicles do not emit any of the above pollutants, nor any CO2 gases during use, which can be a particularly important property in densely populated areas. However the production of the fuels that power ZEVs, such as the production of
electricity or hydrogen from a coal-fired power plant, may produce more or less emissions per mile than the emissions produced from a conventional gasoline powered vehicle, depending on the energy source. A well-to-wheel life cycle assessment is necessary to understand the emissions implications associated with operating a ZEV.
Other zero emission vehicle technologies include plug-in hybrids when in electric mode,
hydrogen vehicles utilizing
fuel cells,
compressed air vehicles typically recharged by slow (home) or fast (road station) electric compressors,
flywheel energy storage vehicles,
Solar car and tribrids.
Incentives
Subsidies for public transport
CARB ZEV program
See also
See also
External links
- Official California site on ZEVs and PZEVs
- New Scientific American article
- 2003 Zero Emission Vehicle Program Changes, a CARB factsheet
on display at The Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, MIA
zero-emissions vehicle, or
ZEV will produce no emissions or pollution from the vehicle when stationary or operating. Emissions of concern include particulates (soot), hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and various NOx. Although not considered an emission by the
CARB definition, carbon dioxide is one of the most important greenhouse gas implicated in
global warming scenarios.
"Zero emissions" does not mean that the complete power cycle is non-polluting, except in special cases, since in most cases the energy is provided from
fossil fuel plants. This may still be an advantage for urban areas when compared to conventional vehicles. Special cases producing zero pollution in the
operating energy cycle would include electric vehicles where an offsetting amount of zero emissions power is provided, especially solar electric or wind generated power.
Hydrogen powered vehicles as proposed by the automotive industry are especially questionable in their net pollution since current economic production of hydrogen is typically by the processing of natural gas or
coal using water in processes using high temperature and pressure. Unless special care is taken to carbon sequestration and other more toxic waste from these processes, a future "hydrogen economy" may produce even more greenhouse gases and toxic pollution than the current
fossil fuel usage. However, hydrogen may be produced from water using electricity, which may be derived from
solar power or hydropower, but currently at greater expense than from fossil fuels. The expenses from using solar power appear greater than for fossil fuels largely because many of the costs of fossil fuels have been externalized with someone other than the producer and consumer of the product bearing the indirect costs of the cycle (though these may be the same population, bearing for example, increased health costs).
"Zero emissions" also does not include emissions associated with manufacturing such vehicles or components, nor outgassing from synthetic materials used in vehicle construction, nor soot-like dust from tire wear, nor potential pollution associated with end-of-life vehicle or vehicle component dismantling, recycling and reuse.
Types
Public transport
Electric locomotive, Subway (rail), Trolleybus,
Electric tram, and cycle rickshaws.
Private transport
Bicycles are the most popular zero-emissions .
Battery electric vehicles do not emit any of the above pollutants, nor any CO2 gases during use, which can be a particularly important property in densely populated areas. However the production of the fuels that power ZEVs, such as the production of
electricity or hydrogen from a
coal-fired power plant, may produce more or less emissions per mile than the emissions produced from a conventional gasoline powered vehicle, depending on the energy source. A
well-to-wheel life cycle assessment is necessary to understand the emissions implications associated with operating a ZEV.
Other zero emission vehicle technologies include plug-in hybrids when in electric mode, hydrogen vehicles utilizing fuel cells,
compressed air vehicles typically recharged by slow (home) or fast (road station) electric compressors,
flywheel energy storage vehicles, Solar car and
tribrids.
Incentives
Subsidies for public transport
CARB ZEV program
See also
See also
External links
- Official California site on ZEVs and PZEVs
- New Scientific American article
- 2003 Zero Emission Vehicle Program Changes, a CARB factsheet
Subject Top Page: Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Program
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